In the plants evolution, the numbers of protein-coding genes in mitochondrial genomes tend to decrease [17]. As a representative of gymnosperms, the mitochondrial genome of Cycas taitungensis has conserved almost all genes inherited from the seed plants, which was mitochondrial genome progenitor [18]. In contrast, Silene latifolia has lost all of the ribosome coding genes except for rpl5 and other genes like the sdh [19]. Succinate dehydrogenase genes are usually missing. Almost all the monocotyledons and dicotyledons plants have lost rps11 gene. This loss in the mitochondrial genome probably occurred in the early stage of the divergence process between monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The protein-coding gene like mttB that encodes a transport membrane protein in T. parvula, Brassica napus, and Brassica carinata is an exceptional losing one. More specially, contrasting with Cycas taitungensis, other twenty plants like Thellungiella parvula, Brassica carinata, Brassica napus, and Zea perennis have lost rpl10, sdh3, and sdh4 genes, which can be inferred as rpl10, sdh3, and sdh4 gradually developed into pseudogenes during the evolution of angiosperms. The loss of rps2 in sixteen dicotyledons plants (Brassica carinata, Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa subsp. campestris, Raphanus sativus, Thellungiella parvula, Arabidopsis thaliana, Carica papaya, Vigna radiata, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Nicotiana tabacum, Silene latifolia, Beta vulgari subsp. vulgaris, and Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima) probably occurred before the formation of Magnoliopsida plants, since most ribosome protein genes are frequently absent in clades of angiosperm mitochondrial genomes, which can be considered unnecessary to some extent [19].
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